The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.